LevelDB Put: How it batch 

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// Convenience methods
Status DBImpl::Put(const WriteOptions& o, const Slice& key, const Slice& val) {
  return DB::Put(o, key, val);
}

调用的是

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// Default implementations of convenience methods that subclasses of DB
// can call if they wish
Status DB::Put(const WriteOptions& opt, const Slice& key, const Slice& value) {
  WriteBatch batch;
  batch.Put(key, value);
  return Write(opt, &batch);
}

我们先介绍一下Writer, 这玩意实际上是 DBImpl::Writer

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// Information kept for every waiting writer
struct DBImpl::Writer {
  explicit Writer(port::Mutex* mu)
      : batch(nullptr), sync(false), done(false), cv(mu) {}

  Status status;
  WriteBatch* batch;
  bool sync;
  bool done;
  port::CondVar cv;
};
  • batch 指定了一批写入的 WriteBatch
  • cv 是跨平台的 condvar（看来这个代码不是 C++11 写的），用上层的 mutex_ 构建 cv, 来表示本次写入的状态
  • done 表示写入的状态，用来交给 caller
  • sync 表示写入是否强制做sync 用于喂给 callee
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Status DBImpl::Write(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates) {
  Writer w(&mutex_);
  w.batch = updates;
  w.sync = options.sync;
  w.done = false;

  MutexLock l(&mutex_);
  writers_.push_back(&w);
  while (!w.done && &w != writers_.front()) {
    w.cv.Wait();
  }
  if (w.done) {
    return w.status;
  }

  // May temporarily unlock and wait.
  Status status = MakeRoomForWrite(updates == nullptr);
  uint64_t last_sequence = versions_->LastSequence();
  Writer* last_writer = &w;	
  if (status.ok() && updates != nullptr) {  // nullptr batch is for compactions
    WriteBatch* write_batch = BuildBatchGroup(&last_writer);
    WriteBatchInternal::SetSequence(write_batch, last_sequence + 1);
    last_sequence += WriteBatchInternal::Count(write_batch);

    // Add to log and apply to memtable.  We can release the lock
    // during this phase since &w is currently responsible for logging
    // and protects against concurrent loggers and concurrent writes
    // into mem_.
    {
      mutex_.Unlock();
      status = log_->AddRecord(WriteBatchInternal::Contents(write_batch));
      bool sync_error = false;
      if (status.ok() && options.sync) {
        status = logfile_->Sync();
        if (!status.ok()) {
          sync_error = true;
        }
      }
      if (status.ok()) {
        status = WriteBatchInternal::InsertInto(write_batch, mem_);
      }
      mutex_.Lock();
      if (sync_error) {
        // The state of the log file is indeterminate: the log record we
        // just added may or may not show up when the DB is re-opened.
        // So we force the DB into a mode where all future writes fail.
        RecordBackgroundError(status);
      }
    }
    if (write_batch == tmp_batch_) tmp_batch_->Clear();

    versions_->SetLastSequence(last_sequence);
  }

  while (true) {
    Writer* ready = writers_.front();
    writers_.pop_front();
    if (ready != &w) {
      ready->status = status;
      ready->done = true;
      ready->cv.Signal();
    }
    if (ready == last_writer) break;
  }

  // Notify new head of write queue
  if (!writers_.empty()) {
    writers_.front()->cv.Signal();
  }

  return status;
}

前期是做一些 checking, 很重要的是 BuildBatchGroup 这个函数，我觉得这个函数写的好奇妙

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Status DBImpl::Write(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates) {
  Writer w(&mutex_);
  w.batch = updates;
  w.sync = options.sync;
  w.done = false;

  MutexLock l(&mutex_);
  writers_.push_back(&w);
  while (!w.done && &w != writers_.front()) {
    w.cv.Wait();
  }
  if (w.done) {
    return w.status;
  }

  // May temporarily unlock and wait.
  Status status = MakeRoomForWrite(updates == nullptr);
  uint64_t last_sequence = versions_->LastSequence();
  Writer* last_writer = &w;
  if (status.ok() && updates != nullptr) {  // nullptr batch is for compactions
    // write_batch 是 write 的时候批量写内容，把 last_writer 调整到了真正的 batch 写的末尾。
    WriteBatch* write_batch = BuildBatchGroup(&last_writer);
    WriteBatchInternal::SetSequence(write_batch, last_sequence + 1);
    last_sequence += WriteBatchInternal::Count(write_batch);

    // Add to log and apply to memtable.  We can release the lock
    // during this phase since &w is currently responsible for logging
    // and protects against concurrent loggers and concurrent writes
    // into mem_.
    {
      mutex_.Unlock();
      // 先写 Log 再写 mem_
      status = log_->AddRecord(WriteBatchInternal::Contents(write_batch));
      bool sync_error = false;
      if (status.ok() && options.sync) {
        status = logfile_->Sync();
        if (!status.ok()) {
          sync_error = true;
        }
      }
      if (status.ok()) {
        status = WriteBatchInternal::InsertInto(write_batch, mem_);
      }
      mutex_.Lock();
      if (sync_error) {
        // The state of the log file is indeterminate: the log record we
        // just added may or may not show up when the DB is re-opened.
        // So we force the DB into a mode where all future writes fail.
        RecordBackgroundError(status);
      }
    }
    if (write_batch == tmp_batch_) tmp_batch_->Clear();

    versions_->SetLastSequence(last_sequence);
  }

  while (true) {
    Writer* ready = writers_.front();
    writers_.pop_front();
    // w 是现在管的，本身没有必要 signal
    if (ready != &w) {
      ready->status = status;
      ready->done = true;
      ready->cv.Signal();
    }
    if (ready == last_writer) break;
  }

  // Notify new head of write queue
  if (!writers_.empty()) {
    writers_.front()->cv.Signal();
  }

  return status;
}

那么我们主要的逻辑就看完了，回头再看看 MakeRoomForWrite:

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// REQUIRES: mutex_ is held
// REQUIRES: this thread is currently at the front of the writer queue
Status DBImpl::MakeRoomForWrite(bool force) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  assert(!writers_.empty());
  bool allow_delay = !force;
  Status s;
  while (true) {
    if (!bg_error_.ok()) {
      // Yield previous error
      s = bg_error_;
      break;
    } else if (allow_delay && versions_->NumLevelFiles(0) >=
                                  config::kL0_SlowdownWritesTrigger) {
      // We are getting close to hitting a hard limit on the number of
      // L0 files.  Rather than delaying a single write by several
      // seconds when we hit the hard limit, start delaying each
      // individual write by 1ms to reduce latency variance.  Also,
      // this delay hands over some CPU to the compaction thread in
      // case it is sharing the same core as the writer.
      
      // L0 file 到极限的时候, 可以参考 LevelDB 的 WriteStall 文档
      mutex_.Unlock();
      env_->SleepForMicroseconds(1000);
      allow_delay = false;  // Do not delay a single write more than once
      mutex_.Lock();
    } else if (!force &&
               (mem_->ApproximateMemoryUsage() <= options_.write_buffer_size)) {
      // There is room in current memtable
      break;
    } else if (imm_ != nullptr) {
      // We have filled up the current memtable, but the previous
      // one is still being compacted, so we wait.
      Log(options_.info_log, "Current memtable full; waiting...\n");
      background_work_finished_signal_.Wait();
    } else if (versions_->NumLevelFiles(0) >= config::kL0_StopWritesTrigger) {
      // There are too many level-0 files.
      Log(options_.info_log, "Too many L0 files; waiting...\n");
      background_work_finished_signal_.Wait();
    } else {
      // Attempt to switch to a new memtable and trigger compaction of old
      assert(versions_->PrevLogNumber() == 0);
      uint64_t new_log_number = versions_->NewFileNumber();
      WritableFile* lfile = nullptr;
      s = env_->NewWritableFile(LogFileName(dbname_, new_log_number), &lfile);
      if (!s.ok()) {
        // Avoid chewing through file number space in a tight loop.
        versions_->ReuseFileNumber(new_log_number);
        break;
      }
      delete log_;
      delete logfile_;
      logfile_ = lfile;
      logfile_number_ = new_log_number;
      log_ = new log::Writer(lfile);
      imm_ = mem_;
      has_imm_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
      mem_ = new MemTable(internal_comparator_);
      mem_->Ref();
      force = false;  // Do not force another compaction if have room
      MaybeScheduleCompaction();
    }
  }
  return s;
}

这是给 memTable 写足够的空间，然后逻辑上作出后续处理。